Tittle: Rebuilding Cleveland

Rebuilding Cleveland

The Cleveland Foundation and Its Evolving Urban Strategy

Diana Tittle

Rebuilding Cleveland is a critical study of the role that The Cleveland Foundation, the country's oldest community trust, has played in shaping public affairs in Cleveland, Ohio, over the past quarter-century.

Drawing on an examination of the Foundation's private papers and more than a hundred interviews with Foundation personnel and grantees, Diana Tittle demonstrates that The Cleveland Foundation, with assets of more than $600 million, has provided continuing, catalytic leadership in its attempts to solve a wide range of Cleveland's urban problems. The Foundation's influence is more than a matter of money, Tittle shows. The combined efforts of professional philanthropists and a board of trustees traditionally dominated by Cleveland's business elite, but also including members appointed by various elected officials, have produced innovative civic leadership that neither group was able to achieve on its own.

Through an examination of the Foundation's ongoing and sometimes painful organizational development, Tittle explains how the Foundation came to be an important catalyst for progressive change in Cleveland. Rebuilding Cleveland takes the reader back to 1914, when Cleveland banker Frederick C. Goff invented the concept of a community foundation and pioneered a national movement of social scientists, business leaders, and government officials that made philanthropy a more effective force for private involvement in public affairs. Tittle follows the Foundation through the 1960s, when it began a major new initiative to establish itself as a civic agenda-setter and problem solver, to the present, as a new generation of Foundation leaders continues to build upon this renewed sense of purpose.

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Friedricks: Henry E. Huntington and the Creation of Southern California

Henry E. Huntington and the Creation of Southern California

William B. Friedricks

Henry E. Huntington and the Creation of Southern California is the first business biography of the legendary entrepreneur who helped shape the Los Angeles basin. Based largely on archival sources, William Friedricks’s study presents a balanced view of the energetic Huntington, whose prodigious control of street railways, electric power, and real estate enabled him to leave a lasting imprint on southern California.

Greater Los Angeles attained its modern configuration during the first two decades of the twentieth century. Its development was influenced heavily by the creative energy and genius of a few entrepreneurs, and of this group, Henry Huntington played the major role. By rapidly pouring vast amounts of capital into his triad of interrelated businesses—all critical for regional growth—he achieved a virtual monopoly over the development of many parts of the Los Angeles basin. Operating at a time when local planning commissions had little regulatory power, he became the region’s de facto metropolitan planner, building trolley lines where and when he wanted and determining the spatial layout of the area. Then, as a large-scale subdivider, he further dictated the socioeconomic mix of many of the suburbs.

Huntington further encouraged development in southern California through his involvement in local agriculture and industry, the hotel business, and many leading social and civic organizations. As a philanthropist, he donated land for parks and schools and provided money to various youth organizations. To encourage and enrich the intellectual and cultural life of southern California, he lent his support to a number of regional institutions of higher education and founded the Huntington Library, Art Collections, and Botanical Gardens.

Huntington’s various enterprises also made him one of southern California’s largest employers. An outspoken proponent of the open shop, he worked hard to keep his companies free of unions, thus foiling organized labor’s attempt to gain a foothold in the Los Angeles basin.

William Friedricks’s biography of Henry Huntington is an important contribution to the fields of business and urban history, as well as to the history of California, and provides insight into the development of one of the nation’s most important metropolitan areas.

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