Burgess; Planning for the Private Interest

Planning for the Private Interest

Land Use Controls and Residential Patterns in Columbus, Ohio, 1900–1970

Patricia Burgess

In this intriguing study, Patricia Burgess examines how both public and private land use controls affected urban growth and development in Columbus, Ohio. Burgess considers how real estate developers applied restrictive deed covenants in order to shape contemporary metropolitan areas, and she examines the simultaneous application of zoning to determine the role of the public sector. She also outlines the planning theory of zoning and measures the actual zoning against the goals of its earliest and strongest proponents, the reformist planners and lawyers of the early twentieth century.

Using Columbus and seven of its suburbs as a case study, Burgess relies on extensive research in public records—recorded plats, deeds, planning reports, and minutes and records of city and suburban planning commissions and zoning boards—to paint a picture of a changing metropolitan area, subdivision by subdivision, lot by lot. Both the private and public controls applied to these subdivisions and lots do much to explain why people live where they live and how our American cities came to be the way they are.

Planning for the Private Interest has implications for the individual landowner because most urban Americans live in zoned communities but have little understanding of how zoning works until their plans for their own property come into conflict with local ordinances. Moreover, studies of this nature indicate the subtle but formidable forces that influence both class and race relations in metropolitan areas and reveal solutions as well as impediments to resolving potential conflicts. Readable and engaging, Burgess’s work will be of great interest to scholars and students of regional history, urban growth and development, city planning, and urban sociology.

http://www.ohiostatepress.org

Murphy: Toward a Working-Class Canon

Toward a Working-Class Canon

Literary Criticism in British Working-Class Periodicals, 1816–1858

Paul Thomas Murphy

In the first comprehensive book covering working-class views of literature during the first half o the nineteenth century, Paul Thomas Murphy argues that the documented rise in working-class political consciousness was accompanied by an important and largely undocumented rise in working-class literary consciousness. Furthermore, Murphy contends that the journalists of working-class periodicals struggled to fashion literary standards for their class to form a working-class canon.

In this original and stimulating study, Murphy pays close attention to what writers and editors of these periodicals had to say about specific literary genres, the literary and stylistic values they adopted, and the figures they saw as their models as well as those they rejected. Murphy provides a sense of working-class literacy and a brief history of the working-class press from 1816 to 1858. He then focuses on the views of fiction, poetry, and drama that appeared in the journals.

Noting that working-class writers and editors actively sought to define for themselves the spiritual and political role literature played for an emerging working class, Murphy concludes that while there was no uniform working-class interpretation of literature, working-class journalists conducted a lively and continuing debate about literature, and that their agreements and disagreements show a thriving and evolving aesthetic. Toward a Working-Class Canon offers both serious appraisals of now-forgotten writers and fresh and important views of the most well-known writers. It is a major contribution to Victorian studies, canon studies, British labor history, and the history of journalism.

http://www.ohiostatepress.org

Rothenberg and Thomson, eds.: Women and Prenatal Testing

Women and Prenatal Testing

Facing the Challenges of Genetic Technology

Edited by Karen H. Rothenberg and Elizabeth J. Thomson

For pregnant women in the 1990s, technological developments have ushered in new and expanding reproductive genetic testing options. Some herald these procedures as advances providing women with previously unavailable information about their pregnancies. Others contend that with this surge of information come increasing and perhaps unwarranted obligations: while some women have greater knowledge about their pregnancies, they also face far more complex decisions and a greater pressure to do as much as is technologically possible to ensure the birth of a healthy child.

This book focuses on the major women’s issues surrounding the development and application of reproductive genetic testing. Although much has been written about the biological safety and efficacy of these technologies, few publications have addressed their psychological, sociocultural, ethical, legal, and political impact on women and their experience of pregnancy.

The first of three sections provides the contextual framework in which the debate should be analyzed. The second section sets forth the philosophical foundations and complex ethical and legal questions that need to be addressed, and the final section delineates a variety of perspectives on the psychological and sociocultural issues raised by reproductive genetic testing. These fourteen essays on the cutting edge of the debate are essential reading for anyone interested in women’s studies, human genetics, health law, and bioethics and prenatal care providers.

http://www.ohiostatepress.org

Schwartz and Barton, eds.: Reforming Juvenile Detention

Reforming Juvenile Detention

No More Hidden Closets

Edited by Ira Schwartz and William Barton

Juvenile detention facilities confine more youths than do any other type of institution in the United States. Essentially jails for juveniles who have been arrested and are awaiting trial, these centers tend to be overcrowded, inadequately staffed, and expensive to operate. Juvenile justice officials and state and local policymakers throughout the country are desperately trying to determine the proper use of these facilities and, more important, how to bring detention systems under control. The eleven essays in this collection assess today's juvenile detention system, bringing to light problems and inefficiencies and suggesting strategies for improving conditions and eliminating these problems.

The authors of these essays pull together data on national trends in detention policies and practices and examine specific cases to paint a grim picture of a system badly in need of reform. They also provide practical summaries of reform targets and strategies, and case studies of successful reform attempts, thus offering clear and much-needed guidance toward possible solutions to the nation's juvenile detention crisis.

http://www.ohiostatepress.org